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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different types of plants produce different flavors. Learn about four of the most widely used varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are one of the varieties of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a tangier, tarter flavor profile and are often used in blends of coffee for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee worldwide accounting for 75% of all global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are milder and sweeter than Robusta, and are available in a variety of flavours. The flavor and aroma of coffee are influenced by the conditions in which it is grown as well as the processing methods employed.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word that means the berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that sprout inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were stimulated by eating the fruit berries. The cultivation of coffee grew quickly around the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and dark roast coffee beans they are capable of thriving when exposed to cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica cheap coffee beans is considered to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee beans wholesale suppliers shops and roasters focus on ethical sourcing of arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees, which are suitable for many different brewing techniques. Blending can be used to control the aroma, flavor as well as body and acidity of the coffee. It is usually preferred to achieve a consistent and balanced taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most widely used type of coffee bean cultivated worldwide. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more protected against pests and diseases. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acid, which are antioxidants that occur naturally. However, these acids may cause oxidation during the coffee brewing process and may produce undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica and is able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It is able to withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and grows faster than arabica. This makes it a more economically viable crop to cultivate.

While it might seem contradictory Robusta beans are typically mixed with arabica to create coffee blends. If you've noticed the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag then it's likely that there's some Robusta in there too.

Although some roasters exclusively use arabica beans but the majority do combine the two varieties in order to cut costs and preserve the quality. To preserve the flavor integrity you should select a high quality bean from a reliable source. The best method to do this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped which distinguishes them from other types of coffee beans. They have a smell that is fruity, floral and smokey. They are often blended with other coffee beans to give the fuller, more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They are adaptable to humid, hot climates and can thrive at low altitudes. They also have a better resistance to disease than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for home-growing. Online, you can buy the seeds from many sources. However, it is ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to ensure the highest quality. The best growing conditions for Liberica coffee plants include fertile deep volcanic soils, with moderately acidic pH as well as sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different variety of coffee bean. It was originally classified as a distinct species, but has since been reclassified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans are oval-shaped and grow on large coffee plants, which can grow to 20-30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their distinctive flavor is tart and sour, which makes them a popular option for house blends. They are also lighter on the aroma and caffeine compared to Arabica and Robusta and Robusta, yet they have an unusual quality of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as well-known as Arabica and Robusta even though they are the fourth most popular. In fact they were regarded as an individual species of coffee plant until 2006 when they were reclassified to an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. Nowadays, they're grown mostly in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's coffee beans types production. These coffee beans have the shape of a teardrop and possess a dark, eerie taste. They are typically used to give blends more body and a rich, tart taste of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are renowned for their sweeter flavor. They thrive at higher altitudes, and they thrive in warm tropical climates. They have a little acidity. If brewed correctly and roast they can be a bit sweet with hints of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit.

Robusta is an almost identical choice to Arabica and makes up about 40% of the world's coffee. These beans are rounder and smaller, yet they contain twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two types and have an earthy, woody flavor.

After having learned about the four most popular types you can now select your favorite brew. If you're looking for a smooth and delicate taste, go for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.