Five Pragmatic Projects To Use For Any Budget
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Tera Sterrett 24-12-24 18:47 view2 Comment0관련링크
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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
In addition to the learner-internal aspects, CLKs' awareness of their own resistance to change and the social ties they could draw on were crucial. The RIs from TS and ZL, for example were able to cite their relationships with their local professors as a key factor in their decision to stay clear of criticism of a strict professor (see example 2).
This article reviews all local published pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on pragmatic core topics such as:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The discourse completion test (DCT) is a widely used instrument in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has numerous advantages however, it also has a few drawbacks. For instance it is that the DCT is unable to account for cultural and individual variations in communication. The DCT can also be biased and lead to overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before being used for research or assessment.
Despite its limitations the DCT is a useful tool to investigate the connection between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. Its ability in two or more stages to alter the social variables that are related to politeness can be a strength. This characteristic can be utilized to study the role of prosody across cultural contexts.
In the field of linguistics, the DCT is now one of the primary instruments for analyzing learners' behaviors in communication. It can be used to study various issues, including the manner of speaking, turn-taking and the use of lexical terms. It can also be used to determine the phonological complexity of the learners' speech.
Recent research has used an DCT as an instrument to test the skills of refusal among EFL students. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from and then asked to select the appropriate response. The researchers discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods, such as the use of a questionnaire or video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other methods for collecting data.
DCTs are typically created with specific linguistic requirements in mind, like content and form. These criteria are intuitive and are based on the assumptions of the test developers. They aren't always accurate, and they may be misleading about the way ELF learners actually resist requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more investigation into alternative methods of measuring refusal competence.
A recent study compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students via email with those gathered from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and 프라그마틱 무료스핀 conventionally indirect requests and utilized hints less than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study investigated Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when it comes to using Korean by using a range of experimental tools, such as Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) Metapragmatic Questionnaires, Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs with upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to MQs and DCTs. They were also asked for reflections on their evaluations and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results showed that CLKs often chose to defy native Korean pragmatic norms. Their decisions were influenced primarily by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities, their ongoing life experiences as well as their relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data was first analyzed to determine the participants' actual choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were matched with their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine if they were a reflection of pragmatic resistance or not. Interviewees also had to explain why they chose the pragmatic approach in certain situations.
The results of the MQs and DCTs were then examined using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. It was found that CLKs frequently used the use of euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" and "thank you." This was likely due to their lack of experience with the target language which resulted in an inadequate knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences for either converging to L1 norms or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varied by the DCT situations. In situations 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료 무료 슬롯 - linked internet page - L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs showed that CLKs knew about their practical resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis within two days of participants having completed the MQs. The RIs, which were transcribed and recorded by two coders who were independent and then coded. Coding was an iterative process, where the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of the coding process are contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine how well they reflected the actual behavior.
Refusal Interviews
One of the major questions in pragmatic research is why learners decide to rescind native-speaker pragmatic norms. A recent study attempted to answer this question by employing a range of experimental instruments, including DCTs, MQs, and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were asked to perform the DCTs in their first language and complete the MQs in either their L1 or L2. Then they were invited to a RI where they were asked think about their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that CLKs, on average, did not conform to the norms of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this even though they were able to create patterns that resembled native speakers. In addition, they were conscious of their own pragmatism. They attributed their choices to learner-internal aspects such as their personalities and multilingual identities as well as ongoing life experiences. They also referred to external factors, such as relationships and advantages. They outlined, for instance, how their relationships with their professors allowed them to perform more comfortably in terms of the linguistic and cultural standards of their university.
The interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures or consequences they could face if their local social norms were violated. They were worried that their native interactants might consider them "foreigners" and believe they are incompetent. This was a concern similar to the concerns voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the norm for Korean learners. They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. Future researchers should reconsider the usefulness of these tests in various contexts and in particular situations. This will allow them to better know how different cultures can affect the pragmatic behavior 프라그마틱 정품확인방법 of students in the classroom and beyond. This will also help educators develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigative technique that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to investigate a particular subject. This method uses multiple data sources like interviews, observations, and documents, to prove its findings. This type of investigation is useful for examining unique or complex subjects which are difficult to assess with other methods.
The first step in the case study is to clearly define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject are important for investigation and which ones could be left out. It is also beneficial to review existing literature related to the topic to gain a better knowledge of the subject and place the case within a wider theoretical framework.
This study was based on an open source platform such as the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its Korean-specific benchmarks, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this experiment revealed that L2 Korean learners were extremely susceptible to the influence of native models. They tended to select wrong answer choices that were literal interpretations of the prompts, which were not based on accurate pragmatic inference. They also showed a distinct tendency to include their own text or "garbage" to their responses. This lowered the quality of their responses.
The participants in this study were L2 Korean students who had reached the level of four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third university year and 프라그마틱 무료 were aiming to achieve level six on their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness, understanding perception of the world.
The interviewees were given two scenarios, each of which involved an imagined interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to choose one of the following strategies when making a request. They were then asked to explain the reasons behind their decision. Most participants attributed their pragmatic opposition to their personality. TS for instance, claimed that she was difficult to approach and would not inquire about the health of her co-worker when they had a lot of work, even though she thought native Koreans would.
In addition to the learner-internal aspects, CLKs' awareness of their own resistance to change and the social ties they could draw on were crucial. The RIs from TS and ZL, for example were able to cite their relationships with their local professors as a key factor in their decision to stay clear of criticism of a strict professor (see example 2).
This article reviews all local published pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on pragmatic core topics such as:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The discourse completion test (DCT) is a widely used instrument in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has numerous advantages however, it also has a few drawbacks. For instance it is that the DCT is unable to account for cultural and individual variations in communication. The DCT can also be biased and lead to overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before being used for research or assessment.
Despite its limitations the DCT is a useful tool to investigate the connection between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. Its ability in two or more stages to alter the social variables that are related to politeness can be a strength. This characteristic can be utilized to study the role of prosody across cultural contexts.
In the field of linguistics, the DCT is now one of the primary instruments for analyzing learners' behaviors in communication. It can be used to study various issues, including the manner of speaking, turn-taking and the use of lexical terms. It can also be used to determine the phonological complexity of the learners' speech.
Recent research has used an DCT as an instrument to test the skills of refusal among EFL students. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from and then asked to select the appropriate response. The researchers discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods, such as the use of a questionnaire or video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other methods for collecting data.
DCTs are typically created with specific linguistic requirements in mind, like content and form. These criteria are intuitive and are based on the assumptions of the test developers. They aren't always accurate, and they may be misleading about the way ELF learners actually resist requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more investigation into alternative methods of measuring refusal competence.
A recent study compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students via email with those gathered from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and 프라그마틱 무료스핀 conventionally indirect requests and utilized hints less than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study investigated Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when it comes to using Korean by using a range of experimental tools, such as Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) Metapragmatic Questionnaires, Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs with upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to MQs and DCTs. They were also asked for reflections on their evaluations and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results showed that CLKs often chose to defy native Korean pragmatic norms. Their decisions were influenced primarily by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities, their ongoing life experiences as well as their relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data was first analyzed to determine the participants' actual choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were matched with their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine if they were a reflection of pragmatic resistance or not. Interviewees also had to explain why they chose the pragmatic approach in certain situations.
The results of the MQs and DCTs were then examined using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. It was found that CLKs frequently used the use of euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" and "thank you." This was likely due to their lack of experience with the target language which resulted in an inadequate knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences for either converging to L1 norms or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varied by the DCT situations. In situations 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료 무료 슬롯 - linked internet page - L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs showed that CLKs knew about their practical resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis within two days of participants having completed the MQs. The RIs, which were transcribed and recorded by two coders who were independent and then coded. Coding was an iterative process, where the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of the coding process are contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine how well they reflected the actual behavior.
Refusal Interviews
One of the major questions in pragmatic research is why learners decide to rescind native-speaker pragmatic norms. A recent study attempted to answer this question by employing a range of experimental instruments, including DCTs, MQs, and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were asked to perform the DCTs in their first language and complete the MQs in either their L1 or L2. Then they were invited to a RI where they were asked think about their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that CLKs, on average, did not conform to the norms of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this even though they were able to create patterns that resembled native speakers. In addition, they were conscious of their own pragmatism. They attributed their choices to learner-internal aspects such as their personalities and multilingual identities as well as ongoing life experiences. They also referred to external factors, such as relationships and advantages. They outlined, for instance, how their relationships with their professors allowed them to perform more comfortably in terms of the linguistic and cultural standards of their university.
The interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures or consequences they could face if their local social norms were violated. They were worried that their native interactants might consider them "foreigners" and believe they are incompetent. This was a concern similar to the concerns voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the norm for Korean learners. They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. Future researchers should reconsider the usefulness of these tests in various contexts and in particular situations. This will allow them to better know how different cultures can affect the pragmatic behavior 프라그마틱 정품확인방법 of students in the classroom and beyond. This will also help educators develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigative technique that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to investigate a particular subject. This method uses multiple data sources like interviews, observations, and documents, to prove its findings. This type of investigation is useful for examining unique or complex subjects which are difficult to assess with other methods.
The first step in the case study is to clearly define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject are important for investigation and which ones could be left out. It is also beneficial to review existing literature related to the topic to gain a better knowledge of the subject and place the case within a wider theoretical framework.
This study was based on an open source platform such as the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its Korean-specific benchmarks, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this experiment revealed that L2 Korean learners were extremely susceptible to the influence of native models. They tended to select wrong answer choices that were literal interpretations of the prompts, which were not based on accurate pragmatic inference. They also showed a distinct tendency to include their own text or "garbage" to their responses. This lowered the quality of their responses.
The participants in this study were L2 Korean students who had reached the level of four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third university year and 프라그마틱 무료 were aiming to achieve level six on their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness, understanding perception of the world.
The interviewees were given two scenarios, each of which involved an imagined interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to choose one of the following strategies when making a request. They were then asked to explain the reasons behind their decision. Most participants attributed their pragmatic opposition to their personality. TS for instance, claimed that she was difficult to approach and would not inquire about the health of her co-worker when they had a lot of work, even though she thought native Koreans would.
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