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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a fan of coffee, you likely already know that different kinds of beans can produce different flavors. Learn more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a type of Liberica that is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a sweeter and tarter taste profile, and are often used in blends of coffee to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica is the most well-known coffee in the world and accounts for 75% of global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans have a sweeter and less sour taste than Robusta, and come in a variety of flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of coffee can be affected by the conditions in which it is grown and the processing methods used.

The word "coffee" actually is derived from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are fruit seeds that are cultivated inside bright red berries. It is believed ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energized after eating these fruits. The cultivation of coffee spread quickly across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes and thrive in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is considered to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty good coffee beans shops and roasters focus on ethical sourcing of arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique specialty coffees that can be used in various brewing methods. Blending allows for control over the aroma, flavor as well as body and acidity of the coffee. It is typically preferred to achieve an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most popular type of coffee bean that is grown worldwide. They contain more caffeine per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation during the coffee brewing and produce undesirable flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica and may thrive in less favorable conditions. It is able to withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a more cost-effective crop to grow.

While it may seem counterintuitive it's true that Robusta beans are often blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you see names like Uganda or Kenya on the bag of coffee beans types it's likely that there is also some robusta.

Most roasters use a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to lower costs and ensure the quality. To preserve the flavor integrity, you should choose the highest quality beans from a reliable source. The best method to achieve this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped and are therefore distinct from other coffee bean varieties. They have a distinctive aroma that is fruity and floral with subtle smoky undertones. They are paired with other coffee bean types to provide them with a more rich and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They can thrive in low altitudes and withstand hot, humid climates. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for growing at home. You can purchase seeds online from a number of sources, however it's recommended to purchase from local producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The best growing conditions for Liberica coffee Beans Types plants include fertile deep volcanic soils, with a moderately acidic pH and sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is another type of coffee bean. It was initially classified as a distinct species, but has been classified as a Liberica variant. The coffee beans that are oval in shape are found on large coffee plants that can reach 20 to 30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. Their distinctive taste is tart and sour, which makes them a popular choice for blends that are house-made. They have a more subtle aroma and higher caffeine levels than Arabica or Robusta however they have a distinctive depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most sought-after type of coffee beans Excelsa beans aren't quite so easy to locate as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually considered distinct species of coffee until 2006, when they were reclassified to be a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Today, they're grown mainly in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans are shaped in the shape of teardrops and are dark and mysterious in taste. These beans are often used to give blends additional body and a rich, tart taste of ripe fruit.

Arabica beans are the most well-known and are known for their sweeter flavor. They grow best at high altitudes and enjoy warm, tropical climates. They also have a touch of acidity. If brewed correctly and roast they can be a bit sweet with hints of nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is an extremely close second to Arabica and accounts for around 40% of the world's coffee. Robusta beans are smaller and rounder however, they contain twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also taste bitterer than the other two types and have a woody, earthy taste.

After having a better understanding of the four most popular types, it's now time to pick your favorite drink. If you're looking for a silky and delicate taste, go for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.