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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
CLKs' awareness and ability to draw on relational affordances, as well as learning-internal factors, were significant. RIs from TS & ZL for instance mentioned their local professor relationship as a key factor in their pragmatic decision to avoid criticizing a strict professor (see example 2).
This article examines all local research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on key practical issues, including:
Discourse Construction Tests
The discourse completion test is a commonly used tool in pragmatic research. It has many advantages however, it also has some drawbacks. The DCT, for example, does not take into account individual and cultural differences. Furthermore the DCT is prone to bias and can result in overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before being used for research or assessment.
Despite its limitations the DCT is a useful tool to investigate the connection between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate the social variables that are relevant to politeness in two or more steps can be a plus. This can assist researchers to study the role played by prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, 슬롯 a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics the DCT is now one of the most significant tools for analyzing learners' behaviors in communication. It can be used to investigate a variety of issues such as the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choices. It can also be used to assess the phonological difficulty of learners speaking.
A recent study used an DCT to assess EFL students' ability to resist. The participants were given an array of scenarios and asked to select an appropriate response from the choices provided. The authors discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods, such as videos or questionnaires. The researchers cautioned that the DCT should be employed with caution. They also recommended using other methods of data collection.
DCTs are usually created with specific linguistic requirements in mind, like the content and the form. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of test developers. They may not be precise, and they could incorrectly describe the way in which ELF learners actually resist requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for more research into different methods of assessing refusal ability.
In a recent study, 프라그마틱 플레이 DCT responses to student requests via email were compared with the responses of an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally-indirect request forms and utilized less hints than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study investigated Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used various experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of intermediate or higher ability who responded to MQs and DCTs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their opinions and refusals in RIs. The results showed that CLKs often chose to defy native Korean norms of pragmatism. Their decisions were influenced primarily by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their current life histories as well as their relationships. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data was first analyzed to identify the participants' choices in practice. The data were classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the responses were compared with their linguistic performance in the DCTs to determine whether they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. Interviewees also had to explain the reasons for choosing a pragmatic behavior in certain situations.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and z tests. It was discovered that the CLKs often resorted to phrases like "sorry" and "thank you." This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target language which led to a lack of knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that the CLKs' preferences for either converging to L1 norms or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varied by the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14, CLKs preferred convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs further revealed that CLKs were aware of their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days after participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribing, and then coded by two coders from different companies. The coding was an iterative process in which the coders discussed and read each transcript. The results of coding are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine if they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
The key issue in research on pragmatics is: Why do some learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study attempted to answer this question employing a range of experimental tools, such as DCTs MQs, DCTs, and RIs. Participants included 44 CLKs and 46 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were asked to complete the DCTs in their native language and to complete the MQs in either their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI, where they were required to reflect and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario.
The results showed that, on average, the CLKs rejected the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their answers. They did so even though they could create patterns that resembled native ones. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their decision to learner-internal factors such as their personality and multilingual identities. They also referred to external factors, like relationship benefits. They also discussed, for instance, how their interactions with their professors helped them to function more easily in terms of the linguistic and 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험 프라그마틱 슬롯 프라그마틱 사이트 (directory-Boom.Com) cultural expectations of their university.
However, the interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures and punishments that they could be subject to if they violated their local social norms. They were worried that their native friends would perceive them as "foreigners" and think they are incompetent. This was a concern similar to the concerns voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speakers' pragmatic norms are not the preferred norm for Korean learners. They may remain useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it would be prudent for future researchers to reconsider their relevance in specific scenarios and in various contexts. This will allow them to better understand the effect of different cultures on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of students from L2. Additionally, this will help educators create more effective methods to teach and test korea pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risks consultancy.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigative technique that uses participant-centered, in-depth investigations to explore a specific subject. This method uses various sources of data, such as interviews, observations and documents to prove its findings. This type of investigation is useful for examining specific or complex subjects that are difficult to measure using other methods.
In a case study, the first step is to clearly define the subject as well as the objectives of the study. This will help you determine which aspects of the topic should be studied and which aspects can be left out. It is also helpful to study the literature that is relevant to the subject to gain a broad knowledge of the subject and place the case within a wider theoretical framework.
This case study was based upon an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50] as well as its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study revealed that L2 Korean learners were highly susceptible to the influence of native models. They tended to choose wrong answer choices that were literal interpretations. This was a departure from accurate pragmatic inference. They also showed an inclination to include their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, which further hampered their quality of response.
The participants of this study were L2 Korean students who had reached level four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second university year and were aiming to reach level six by their next attempt. They were required to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC and comprehension and pragmatic awareness.
The interviewees were given two situations, each involving an imagined interaction with their interactants and were asked to select one of the following strategies to employ when making a request. The interviewees were asked to justify their decision. Most of the participants attributed their rational opposition to their personality. TS, for example, claimed that she was difficult to approach and would not inquire about the health of her co-worker when they were working at a high rate, even though she thought native Koreans would.
CLKs' awareness and ability to draw on relational affordances, as well as learning-internal factors, were significant. RIs from TS & ZL for instance mentioned their local professor relationship as a key factor in their pragmatic decision to avoid criticizing a strict professor (see example 2).
This article examines all local research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on key practical issues, including:
Discourse Construction Tests
The discourse completion test is a commonly used tool in pragmatic research. It has many advantages however, it also has some drawbacks. The DCT, for example, does not take into account individual and cultural differences. Furthermore the DCT is prone to bias and can result in overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before being used for research or assessment.
Despite its limitations the DCT is a useful tool to investigate the connection between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate the social variables that are relevant to politeness in two or more steps can be a plus. This can assist researchers to study the role played by prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, 슬롯 a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics the DCT is now one of the most significant tools for analyzing learners' behaviors in communication. It can be used to investigate a variety of issues such as the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choices. It can also be used to assess the phonological difficulty of learners speaking.
A recent study used an DCT to assess EFL students' ability to resist. The participants were given an array of scenarios and asked to select an appropriate response from the choices provided. The authors discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods, such as videos or questionnaires. The researchers cautioned that the DCT should be employed with caution. They also recommended using other methods of data collection.
DCTs are usually created with specific linguistic requirements in mind, like the content and the form. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of test developers. They may not be precise, and they could incorrectly describe the way in which ELF learners actually resist requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for more research into different methods of assessing refusal ability.
In a recent study, 프라그마틱 플레이 DCT responses to student requests via email were compared with the responses of an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally-indirect request forms and utilized less hints than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study investigated Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used various experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of intermediate or higher ability who responded to MQs and DCTs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their opinions and refusals in RIs. The results showed that CLKs often chose to defy native Korean norms of pragmatism. Their decisions were influenced primarily by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their current life histories as well as their relationships. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data was first analyzed to identify the participants' choices in practice. The data were classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the responses were compared with their linguistic performance in the DCTs to determine whether they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. Interviewees also had to explain the reasons for choosing a pragmatic behavior in certain situations.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and z tests. It was discovered that the CLKs often resorted to phrases like "sorry" and "thank you." This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target language which led to a lack of knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that the CLKs' preferences for either converging to L1 norms or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varied by the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14, CLKs preferred convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs further revealed that CLKs were aware of their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days after participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribing, and then coded by two coders from different companies. The coding was an iterative process in which the coders discussed and read each transcript. The results of coding are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine if they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
The key issue in research on pragmatics is: Why do some learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study attempted to answer this question employing a range of experimental tools, such as DCTs MQs, DCTs, and RIs. Participants included 44 CLKs and 46 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were asked to complete the DCTs in their native language and to complete the MQs in either their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI, where they were required to reflect and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario.
The results showed that, on average, the CLKs rejected the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their answers. They did so even though they could create patterns that resembled native ones. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their decision to learner-internal factors such as their personality and multilingual identities. They also referred to external factors, like relationship benefits. They also discussed, for instance, how their interactions with their professors helped them to function more easily in terms of the linguistic and 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험 프라그마틱 슬롯 프라그마틱 사이트 (directory-Boom.Com) cultural expectations of their university.
However, the interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures and punishments that they could be subject to if they violated their local social norms. They were worried that their native friends would perceive them as "foreigners" and think they are incompetent. This was a concern similar to the concerns voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speakers' pragmatic norms are not the preferred norm for Korean learners. They may remain useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it would be prudent for future researchers to reconsider their relevance in specific scenarios and in various contexts. This will allow them to better understand the effect of different cultures on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of students from L2. Additionally, this will help educators create more effective methods to teach and test korea pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risks consultancy.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigative technique that uses participant-centered, in-depth investigations to explore a specific subject. This method uses various sources of data, such as interviews, observations and documents to prove its findings. This type of investigation is useful for examining specific or complex subjects that are difficult to measure using other methods.
In a case study, the first step is to clearly define the subject as well as the objectives of the study. This will help you determine which aspects of the topic should be studied and which aspects can be left out. It is also helpful to study the literature that is relevant to the subject to gain a broad knowledge of the subject and place the case within a wider theoretical framework.
This case study was based upon an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50] as well as its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study revealed that L2 Korean learners were highly susceptible to the influence of native models. They tended to choose wrong answer choices that were literal interpretations. This was a departure from accurate pragmatic inference. They also showed an inclination to include their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, which further hampered their quality of response.
The participants of this study were L2 Korean students who had reached level four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second university year and were aiming to reach level six by their next attempt. They were required to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC and comprehension and pragmatic awareness.
The interviewees were given two situations, each involving an imagined interaction with their interactants and were asked to select one of the following strategies to employ when making a request. The interviewees were asked to justify their decision. Most of the participants attributed their rational opposition to their personality. TS, for example, claimed that she was difficult to approach and would not inquire about the health of her co-worker when they were working at a high rate, even though she thought native Koreans would.
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