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The thin layer of tissue that surrounds certain organs could develop malignant mesothelioma. The majority of cases of mesothelioma begin in the lungs and are called pleural mesothelioma; less common types start in the abdomen and are known as peritoneal mesothelioma.

People who are exposed to asbestos may develop mesothelioma when asbestos fibers are absorbed into the stomach or lungs, and cause irritation. It could take up to 50 years or more to show symptoms to manifest.

Signs and symptoms

The mesothelioma cancerous cells are found in the tissues lining the lungs and stomach as well as in other organs. Mesothelioma patients might experience symptoms like shortness of breath, pain, fever, fluid buildup and weight loss. The symptoms may vary based on the type of cancer and its stage. They also depend on where the tumor is situated and the speed at which it grows.

Mesothelioma is so rare, it can be difficult for doctors to identify. The disease has a long latency period and symptoms often look or appear like less severe ailments like pneumonia. Therefore, it is crucial for asbestos exposure victims to make an appointment with their physician when they experience symptoms that are unusual or persistent. They should also inform their doctor know of any history of asbestos legal exposure.

Chest pain, breathing difficulties and shortness of breath are the most frequent symptoms of pleural mesothelioma. These symptoms can worsen as the mesothelioma spreads and the lungs get inflamed. In extreme cases, fluid can build up in the lungs or chest wall, and cause severe pain.

Along with mesothelioma, some people may have abdominal pains or have difficulty swallowing. These symptoms can also cause some people to lose weight and experience a reduced appetite. The toxins released by mesothelioma can also affect the kidneys and cause them to lose the ability to function properly.

A doctor might request imaging scans or blood tests to look for any abnormalities, based on the type of mesothelioma. These include CT (computer tomography) scans, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and PET (positron emission tomography) scans. These tests help doctors determine the best treatment option for mesothelioma patients by excluding other conditions.

Chest X-rays are useful in diagnosing Mesothelioma. The lungs and chest cavity can appear cloudy or discolored due to the presence of mesothelioma. A doctor may use a procedure called VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) to reduce the inflammation caused by fluid buildup, improve breathlessness and remove any tissue samples for testing.

Diagnosis

Mesothelioma is an asbestos cancer, which develops in the lining of organs such as the lungs and abdomen. It is a rare form of cancer, but people exposed to asbestos are at risk of developing it. The symptoms can be similar to those of other diseases and conditions which is why it is crucial to obtain a diagnosis from your doctor.

The diagnosis of mesothelioma is made through a combination of physical examinations, blood tests, and imaging tests. These tests are typically performed in a hospital or clinic and may include an X-ray, CT scan, or MRI. X-rays can provide a visual of your internal structures including your chest and abdomen. They can reveal a buildup between the chest wall, lungs and a fluid known as pleural effusion. They can also reveal a mass or lump in the chest, abdomen or a different area.

MRI and CT scans can provide more detailed images of your organs than an X-ray and can aid doctors find out the location and size of any mesothelioma. These scans can also reveal whether mesothelioma is spreading to other parts of your body.

Another crucial diagnostic tool is a biopsy, in which a small portion of fluid or tissue is taken away and tested for cancerous cells. Fine needle aspiration or a surgical biopsy are among the most frequent types of mesothelioma biopsies. A more invasive biopsy can be recommended if results from other tests are not conclusive or if the symptoms of pleural mesothelioma suggest that it is in your chest cavity or lungs.

More invasive procedures used to detect pericardial or peritoneal mesothelioma involves inserting a tube using a video camera in the abdomen or chest. This procedure is used by a surgeon to collect tissue samples or fluids for testing. They can also carry out VATS, a type keyhole surgery.

Your doctor can also order blood tests and other medical tests in addition to the mesothelioma test to assess the efficiency of your organs. Your doctor will perform an entire physical exam, checking your lymph nodes, heart and other areas that could be affected by mesothelioma. They will also ask about your past asbestos exposure as well as any previous illnesses or treatments you have been through.

Treatment

The type of mesothelioma and stage determine the treatment. The stage of the cancer is determined by a variety of factors, such as the speed at which the tumor expands and spreads, the time it takes for symptoms to manifest and whether or not the disease has metastasized.

Certain risk factors can increase the risk of developing mesothelioma. One of the most significant is asbestos exposure and gender. A person may be exposed to asbestos through working directly with the material or indirectly through other jobs or activities. Exposure can occur for many years, sometimes even for years before the mesothelioma symptoms begin to manifest.

Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral that is durable and heat resistant. In the process of mining or when workers remove asbestos insulation, the substance can break down into tiny dust particles that can be swallowed or inhaled. If inhaled, the fibers can cause irritation, scarring and cell division that may cause mesothelioma.

A range of procedures can be used to diagnose mesothelioma. Doctors can collect samples of pleural fluid through a procedure known as thoracentesis, or insert an needle into the chest to collect a tissue sample. Other diagnostic tools include MRI and CT scanners, which can detect masses and tumors in the abdomen and chest.

Once a diagnosis has been made doctors can treat the disease to ease pain and other signs. Some patients receive a combination of treatments, such as chemotherapy, surgery and radiation. Certain doctors also include the fields of immunotherapy and tumor-treatment in a mesothelioma strategy.

The excess fluid can be drained from the lungs by placing tubes within the chest. In certain cases patients, they may have a mutation that increases the risk of mesothelioma. Genetic counselors can determine the appropriateness of testing the patient is appropriate.

A doctor will schedule follow-up appointments after mesothelioma treatments. These visits will allow the doctor to monitor the patient's health and look for signs of recurrence.

Prognosis

Mesothelioma is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos case, which is a group composed of microscopic fibres that were once used extensively in the construction industry. The fibres can become lodged in the linings of organs such as the stomach cavity and the lungs when people breathe them in or swallow them. As time passes, they can cause irritation and eventually lead to tumors developing. Symptoms usually don't appear until decades after the initial exposure, and most patients are diagnosed with mesothelioma in later life.

The symptoms of mesothelioma depend on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as which part of the body it is in. Pleural mesothelioma develops in the lung's lining (pleura), and accounts for the majority of cases mesothelioma that develops in the stomach cavity. Other mesothelioma types could be found within the membrane that surrounds the heart or reproductive organs.

When doctors are able to confirm an indication of cancer and have a diagnosis, they can run a range of tests to determine the extent the cancer has spread and determine the best treatment for the patient. Doctors can test for mesothelioma with chest X-rays, CT scan or ultrasound, as well as urine and blood samples, or a biopsy. X-rays and other tests can show if the tumour is located in one area or has spread to other areas of the body.

Doctors can determine whether it's epithelioid or mesothelioma of the pleural region. Both types can grow and spread faster in later stages of the disease, particularly when the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes or other areas of the body.

In some instances doctors can remove the mesothelioma completely. This can significantly improve the prognosis of a patient. In the majority of cases, mesothelioma has progressed too far to be surgically removed. Patients will need to undergo other treatments to prolong their lives.

Research has proven that certain characteristics of patients can influence mesothelioma survival rates. People who have mesothelioma in their family, or are healthy and younger generally have a better chance of survival. Other factors include whether smoking, as well as the number of other health issues they suffer from.