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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a coffee lover, you likely already know that different beans have distinct flavor profiles. Find out about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica, are grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity and more tart flavor profile and are often added to blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans are responsible for 75% of the world's production. Arabica beans are sweeter and milder in flavor than Robusta and are available in a variety of flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of coffee can be affected by the conditions in which it is grown as well as the methods of processing used.

The word 'Coffee beans types' actually comes from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds which grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were more energetic after eating the berries, and that the cultivation of coffee soon began to spread throughout the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes, and are capable of thriving when exposed to cool temperatures and plenty of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is considered to be the most delicious kind of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on the ethical source of arabica beans, with a focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique signature coffees that can be used in many different brewing techniques. Blending can control the aroma, taste and body as well as acidity of coffee. It is often utilized to create an even and consistent taste that is appealing to a broad audience.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most popular type of coffee bean around the world. They have more caffeine per bean and are more protected against diseases and pests. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids that are antioxidants found naturally. However, these acids could cause oxidation in the light roast coffee beans brewing process and can cause undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more durable than arabica, able to grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, which makes it a more cost-effective crop to grow.

While it may seem counterintuitive, Robusta beans are often combined with arabica to create coffee blends. If you've seen the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya listed on a bag of coffee and you can be sure that there's some robusta in there as well.

Although some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, most do a mix of the two varieties in order to cut costs and maintain quality. To preserve the flavor integrity you should select the highest quality beans from a trusted source. This can be done by purchasing your beans direct from a farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped that makes them different from other coffee bean varieties. They have a distinct aroma that is fruity and floral with smoky undertones. They are often added to other types of coffee beans bulk buy beans to give them a deeper and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They can thrive in low altitudes and can withstand humid, hot climates. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for home-growing. It is possible to purchase the seeds online from many sources, however it's recommended to purchase from local producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee include fertile deep volcano soils, with a pH that is moderately acidic and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once considered a separate species but is now classified as a variant of Liberica. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that grow on large 20 to 30-foot coffee plants at moderate altitudes. Their unique flavor is tart and sour, which makes them a popular choice for blends made at home. They are also less heavy on aroma and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta, but still possess a unique quality of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most popular type of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't as easy to find as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually considered distinct species of coffee until 2006 when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Currently, they're cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape and have an intriguing dark flavor. These beans are often utilized to give blends extra body and a tangy taste of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are the most popular, and are well-known for their a sweeter taste. They thrive at high altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They also have a little of acidity. When properly roasted and brewed they may be flavored with notes of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second only to Arabica and is responsible for about 40 percent of the world's beans. These beans are rounder and smaller, but contain twice as much caffeine than Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two varieties and have an earthy and woody taste.

Now that you've learned the four most popular types of coffee beans you can now choose your ideal coffee. If you want a smooth and delicate taste, go for an arabica bean or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.